Working as a Business Consultant gave me an overall understanding of how business works and how to make a successful business. Becoming a manager in the multinational company providing the solution for business is my goal. To gain more idea about business administration and learning to be leaders would be a big help in the future for me to become a great leader.

According to Adair’s Model, a leader is good leaders are challenged through success in changing systems and people. The term “leadership” is being used more and more when it comes to the role of managers because the function of leadership is to handle change. Managers need to be good leaders to change products, systems and people dynamically. A good leader must be the one to push the process of deciding a problem and give it to their employees to decide the problem.

Leadership brand- Transformational leadership

Transformational leadership was introduced by James MacGregor Burns in 1978. It represents another form of interaction between employee and leaders where both of them play an important role that is the influence on other’s actions and perception ( Jon, 2016). Transformational leadership are always people who lead others with practical examples. Their leadership style tends to use relationships, inspiration, or empathy to attract the eyes and listen from the enemy. They are known to be brave, confident, and willing to sacrifice for the common good of the whole group. They always have needs, desires to rearrange and change things that are no longer working to increase productivity. In teamwork, transformation leaders understand how important it is to be a cohesive team, which means that they themselves need to promote their own workers and team members to bring productivity to work further (Bass, 2015).

4 Components of transformational leadership

1. Idealized Influence

2. Inspirational Motivation

3. Intellectual Stimulation

4. Individualized Consideration

Netflix and its transformational leader

At the time Netflix was founded in 1997, American wanted to watch a home movie that was habitual that coming to the nearest video store, rent a DVD and then try to return it on time. Hastings said the idea of setting up Netflix came about when he had trouble with the return time. He realized that plastic disks had enough capacity for a large number of data and were light enough to make the idea of renting them by mail possible (Loudenback, 2015). One of the leadership secrets that Hastings is very fond of is “making as few decisions as possible.”

The decision to produce the popular film Hosue of Cards is one of the major projects, but the meeting to approve the project only lasted 30 minutes. With the foundations and shaping details for the film already made by the builders and designers, Hastings’ decision making becomes easier. The freedom and responsibility created a high-performance culture at Netflix. Netflix made a radical change in its business model in 2009, separating its telegraphic ordering business from its online business and charging its own fees. In retrospect, Hastings found that the period of change was terrible, though he still believed that change was necessary to think about.

Personal leadership ability and improvement

The development plan is very important for me in order to maximize my ability as well as improve my weakness to become a comprehensive leader. With self-analysis of my skill as well as feedback from group member would help me build my strength-weakness table

Strength	Weak
Quick thinker Quick adapt on changing Logically thinking Good planning and problem-solving skills Reliable, high honesty High discipline, professional ethics	Few word person-> not able to express idea-> miss opportunities Unconfident communication skills presented to the crowd

To become transformational leadership, changing on weakeness to be strength is a need. Therefore, a plan to improve is important to keep track on the process and to know how far have I changed.

Goal	Action
Few word person	Have more conversation with professor and friend to build confidence in language and accent which will help improve other weakness Read more book and news to know what is going on in the world to have a topic to talk with others Contribute idea in class-> improve knowledge and confidence
Unconfident commnunication	Particiate more in presentation opportunites Practice to have fluent presentation Attend speaker event to gain more experience and skills of public speaking

For a transformational leadership style, leaders need to discover the most logical points for themselves that not only allow them to fulfil their goals while creating the best opportunities for everyone. To become a leader, it is still a long way for me as I need to improve lots of skill as well as knowledge in order to make people trust on me and for myself be able to help others overcome their issue.

Reference

Jon Aarum Andersen, An Old Man and The “Sea of Leadership”, Journal of Leadership Studies, 9, 4, (70-81), (2016).

Bass, B. and Riggio, R. (2005). Transformational leadership. New York.: Routledge.

Loudenback, T. (2015). Meet Reed Hastings, the man who built Netflix.

[online]

Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/reed-hastings-netflix-bio-2015-8?r=US&IR=T [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

The risk of Britain leaving the European Union (EU), also known as Brexit, without reaching an agreement is becoming clearer than ever (BBC, 2019) which causes an anxious atmosphere because if it becomes a reality, Brexit will lead to many consequences for the British economy, as well as Europe.

The decision to leave the EU in June 2016 cost Britain about £ 800 million ($ 1 billion) a week, according to the February 2019 report of the Bank of England. Meanwhile, according to Lloyds Banking Group, the optimistic spirit of businesses is at the lowest level in the last 7 years. Notably, Britain is witnessing the longest decline in investment since the financial crisis a decade ago. And even when the Brexit process goes smoothly, these investments cannot be fully recovered (Morrison, 2019).

Since Britain voted to leave the Union, the pound has depreciated more than 10% against the euro. This movement increased the cost of importing goods and services, boosting inflation and eroding consumer purchasing power. Meanwhile, British exporters failed to take advantage of the pound to reduce market share.

Brexit and the automotive industry

Brexit is a terrible storm for automobile manufacturers in the UK. Capital is suffering because car sales go down, consumers switch to electric cars, automobile manufacturers are reeling from the prospect of a shortage of parts supply and additional taxes on exporting in the EU region. Investment into auto’s industry in the U.K drop 80% in 3 years, product volume decreased 9% and forecasted to drop 17%. If no-deal becomes reality, U.K will lose 35% of its volume in the next 10 years.

Jaguar Land Rover Automotive Plc announced it would cut to 4,500 employees in the UK. Nissan Motor Co eliminates plans to build the X-Trail sport prototype factory in Northeast England. Honda Motor Co said it will close its only factory in the UK by 2021. Most recently, President and CEO of Toyota Motor Europe, Mr Johan van Zyl warned, Toyota could terminate its production in the UK. If the UK leaves the EU without any specific agreement (BBC, 2019).

Land Rover company response to Brexit

Brexit will cost the company about £ 1.2 billion annually, and limit JLR’s operations in the U.K. In his announcement, JLR CEO Ralf Speth said the company felt a need for clarity on Brexit, to continue making greater investments in the UK, as well as ensuring the supply of components, customers and about 40,000 employees working in the UK.

According to Mr Speth, if Brexit happens, JLR will need to adjust its spending list. JLR has invested about 50 billion pounds in the last 5 years and plans to invest more than 80 billion pounds in the next 5 years. The scenario of Brexit will hinder JLR’s business activities (Kollewe, 2019)

Jaguar Land Rover will probably shut down factories in the UK in April because of concerns about the impact of Brexit. The shutdown of factories will be fixed from April 8 to 12, 2019. The move will affect all of the company’s three auto factories at Castle Bromwich, Solihull and Halewood as well as the company’s engine plant in Wolverhampton (Morgan, 2019).

There is several changes management model, such as Lewin’s change management model which was developed in the 1940s. The model is simple by effective. The limited for the model is suitable for small change and avoid effect from politics or organization power (Burnes, 2004).

In addition, Kubler-Ross change curve seems to fit in this situation. It was considered a reliable change management strategy as it describes how people or organization process change.

Denial	Happen in the couple first month of Brexit
Anger	Imply that Brexit could delete entire automotive industry (Rodger, J. and Preece, A., 2019)
Bargaining	Negotiate with U.K government and EU
Depression	Start to close some factories and cut off employees
Acceptance	Having new plan for production in case Brexit happens without deal

Change is an important factor related to the success of business management. If the company does not quickly adapt to change, it is difficult for enterprises to retain their position in the increasingly competitive market. However, how to manage these changes to be effective for the business is a frequent question for every manager.

Reference

BBC News. (2019). Brexit: A really simple guide. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46318565 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Morrison, C. (2019). Brexit already costing UK £800m per week, Bank of England economist says. [online] The Independent. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/brexit-cost-uk-economy-bank-of-england-jan-vlieghe-economist-a8779171.html [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

BBC News. (2019). Jaguar Land Rover to cut up to 5,000 jobs. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46810473 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Kollewe, J. (2019). Jaguar Land Rover begins Brexit shutdown as sales fall. [online] MSN. Available at: https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/business/jaguar-land-rover-begins-brexit-shutdown-as-sales-fall/ar-BBVIS1i?li=AA54rU [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Morgan, T. (2019). Jaguar Land Rover factories to shut down temporarily in April due to Brexit | Autocar. [online] Autocar.co.uk. Available at: https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/jaguar-land-rover-factories-shut-down-temporarily-april-due-brexit [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Burnes, B. (2004), Kurt Lewin and the Planned Approach to Change: A Re‐appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, 41: 977-1002. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00463.x

Wiggins, L. 2009, “Managing the ups and downs of change communication”, Strategic Communication Management, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 20-23.

Rodger, J. and Preece, A. (2019). Brummies react as hundreds of JLR agency workers lose jobs. [online] birminghammail. Available at: https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/jaguar-land-rover-crisis-deepens-15548544 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Contemporary Leadership Styles: How relevant are they in today’s changing world?

In the context of the current economic development, leadership must be valuable to the organization they manage. The leader is the person who meets the different needs of the employees and promotes the personal and collective strength of the employees in the production and business environment of enterprises to achieve the target of the organization. However, the leadership model in the last century was bureaucratic paradigms and it’s only effective on physical production and not suitable for knowledge-based economies (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007: 298). Therefore, today, the discussion will discover the theory of leadership, the different style between leadership and how leadership theory should be in the future. Leadership can be understood as the influencing others to have the same mission as well as agree on what need to complete and how to complete to achieve the highest result (Yukl, 2010:26).

In an organization, effective leadership will know how to provide more efficient goods and services as well as higher quality. They are a mix of hard skills with setting stretching goads, maintain business processes and have a soft skill such as trusting others, earn trust, providing support, coaching, etc. (Iles, 2001).

Leadership behavior was developed since the 1950s dividing into three areas: task orient, relation-orients and participative leadership (Iles, 2001). Task-oriented leadership may not pay lots of attention on health and well-being of their team member since the whole idea of task-oriented leadership is focusing on how to get work done at any cost (Hersey, Blanchard, 1969).  The relation leadership style has more weakness since it is based on cultural sentiment which could cause negativity and envy leading to decreasing in productivity. In the public sector, the working environment is laid back that people are not interested in working as they consider an entitlement mentality. However, it really depends on how the leader use that behavior to achieve the best result since this style also value on employees and bring them the feeling of ownership which results in

high performance and accountability in working place (Giray, 2015). Participative leadership is asking opinions on all employees to give the decision, the staff was given information regarding the situation and their vote will determine what action company should do to solve the issue. The disadvantage is it will take slow to form a decision (Root, 2019).

Nowadays, the increase in the knowledge-driven economy led to rising on knowledge workers which focus on assets, intellectual capital and intellectual property rights which is the competitive advantage of companies. Therefore, it is also a “transactional leadership” that focus on the team and staff development, inspire others as well as accepting their own point of view. The Rover group has a mix evident and conclude a concept of knowledge leadership as :

–    Increasing importance of knowledge management

–    Increasing important of people

–    Change in career and career development that have an impact on (Iles, 2001).

Old leaders tended to be a dictatorship and making autonomous decisions and forced people to follow their own vision and want implementation from their worker. The old method seems not to work anymore and we need to have creativity, and flexibility in leadership style.

Who is role model leadership?

In the 1990s, Gateway, Sun Microsystem, and Microsoft stated that they wouldn’t target on acquiring Apple which could lead to the end of Apple; however, Apple survived because their leader- Steve Jobs changed on leadership style. Coming back to Apple after 10 years, Jobs hired several experienced leaders and trust them on the development path. For instance, he let Jonathon Ive- designer lead and Tim Cook- mentored manufacturing expert at that moment to generate a key decision.

Leadership around the world

Eastern	Western
Korea: Korean is heavily influenced by Confucianism required to maintain harmonious relationship and trust is a need to do business. Loyalty to leader is required (Steers, Shin, & Ungson, 1989) Strong directiveness and centralized planning	USA: highly individualistic power distance: low uncertainty avoidance masculinity: medium positive relationship with worker’s satisfaction and organizational commitment

Women’s leadership

Chancellor of Germany- Angela Merkel proves that women have the ability to lead as she proves that power doesn’t need to come from brash or loud. She shows that quieter demeanor can get things completed. To prove that, she operates one of the most economically healthy and efficient economies in the world as it is the biggest creditor in Europe

Old leadership style seems not to be able to catch up with the changing in economy nowadays; therefore, a new theory of leadership needed to develop as having opinions from employees would be the key factor to have sustainability growth. Women in leadership are still very new since major leaders now are still men; however, as we can see the success of Merkel or May in the U.K, women in leadership could be a trend in the future.

Reference:

Iles, P. 2001, “Leadership and leadership development: Time for a new direction?”, Manager, , no. 27, pp. 22-23.

 Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K.H. (1969). Life cycle theory of leadership. Training & Development Journal, 23(5), 26-34.

Giray, M.D. & Güngör, D., 2015. Task-Oriented and Relationship-Oriented Leadership Scale–Turkish Version. PsycTESTS Dataset.

Root, G. (2019). The Advantages of Participative Leadership. [online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-participative-leadership-17629.html [Accessed 10 Apr. 2019].

Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., and McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The leadership quarterly, 18(4), 298-318.

Organization cultures are the single most important element in organizational success It is described as a set of norm, principles, and way of behaving that together will define an exclusive character for the organization (Brown, 1995). Like national cultures, organization cultures are formed and transformed over time. It affects how people in the organization interact internally and externally. A strong culture success as it makes employee be certain about their idea and feeling that lead to they will be more dedicated to the organization (McCalman and Potter, 2015). Hellriegel and Jackson has a fantastic iceberg model that will show give another view of culture in organization.

Formal aspect is what businesses showing the world, such as revenue target, financial report, offices, clients, etc. However, there is a hidden side that plays a big role in organizational culture, which is behavioural aspects. They are attitudes, Personality, Conflict, Political behaviors, Informal team, processes, communication pattern.

Type of culture

Power culture	Dominance of an individual who makes the key decisions throughout the organisation.
Role culture	Bureaucratic, hierarchical & job role specific.  Rules based. Requires strong organisational pillars.
Task culture	Job & project-oriented team structures
Person Culture	Individuals are central and structures exist to serve individual needs e.g Barristers, Architects, Doctors, Entrepreneurs

Well-Fargo fake account scandal will be used to explain “whether culture is managed within an organization?”. In addition, after defining an issue, there will be a recommendation to avoid the same issue happen in the future.

As of 2016, Wells Fargo is the most valuable bank in the US, worth about 250 billion USD. Wells Fargo is currently the fourth largest bank in the world and the second in the United States, second only to JPMorgan Chase (Sainato, 2019).

In 2013, recruitment professionals across the United States recognized a new wave of the job search from Wells Fargo employees. The incident began in 2011, employees of Wells Fargo bank created more than 1.5 million fake bank accounts and nearly 600,000 credit card accounts without customers knowing. The bank made a profit by charging customers lots of annual fees. Over the past 5 years, victims have been charged for bank accounts that they have not registered. After the incident was discovered by the Los Angeles Times, Wells Fargo was fined a total of more than $ 185 million in 2016, and by the end of 2016, the number of fake accounts increased to nearly 3.5 million and nearly 5,300 employees involved in the scandal were also fired quickly.

In 2016, Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf spent many hours hearing before the US Congress about the newly scandaled scandal, and the dark side of the “financial example” was gradually exposed to the public. An employee mentions that she has to open 8 saving and credit accounts everyday. Not to mention in the year-end campaigns, Wells Fargo employees are forced to earn more than 20 new accounts each day. Some employees try to achieve targets by transferring customer deposits to many newly created accounts or even open a “blank” account for homeless people (Egar, 2017).

Hofstede Organizational Cultural Dimensions)

Power Distance	Don’t have good relationship since all employee need to achieve vague KPIs
Individualism	Employee work without work-life balance
Masculine/Feminine	Target is very unrealistic
Uncertainty Avoidance	Employee have to do trick to get achieve company’s goal
Long term Orientation	Focus on short-term- profit only
Indulgence v Restrait	Employee felt pressure, called it as toxic environment

Implementation:

The company set a vague target without being mindful that it would lead to unethical and unintended behaviors. There are two issues from Well-Fargo scandal and total sales targeted was too high leading to employees felt pressure and forced to act against their morality in order to remain position at Well-Fargo. Customer’s belief for Wells Fargo have completely collapsed. Many people have immediately stopped all transactions with Wells Fargo since the news. Mr. John Shrewberry-Chief Financial Officer said that the bank has invested $ 50 million to strengthen supervision of operations at individual branches (Egan, 2017)

Trust will be regained if the fundamental change in regulations of transparency, culture, and accountability. Companies are operated by lots of employees so the mission, vision, and values must be worthy of their respect and efforts so they will dedicate with their best abilities. Well-Fargo can have an internal effort to diagnose the cause of the scandal. In addition, the top manager should admit what went wrong and who is responsible for it.

Charter statement

Effective management enables the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating & controlling to achieve the goals (Mullin, 2016). There are two existing approaches: conforming ( maintaining order and continuity) and transforming ( changing and breaking existing pattern) (Bate, 1994).

For the Well-Fargo issue, organization leadership should take ultimate responsibility for culture management.

Having training, coaching, and mentoring are all great ways to develop new skills and give a different viewpoint on the issue. In addition, Wells Fargo is now led by a new CEO, and he should draw a new mission, strategy, and vision.

In addition, there should be a system and incentives for reporting bad actors, unethical behavior, and cover-ups, and regular reviews and communication of management with their staff so if there is anything go wrong track, they can have a review and discuss to fix right away.

Wells Fargo, led by its new CEO, must go back to the drawing board regarding its mission, strategy, and vision as well as a realistic goal.

Engaged with employees with good habits that help the employee to find their true goals and achieve the realistic target that will create engaged, loyal and stronger workers.

Organization cultures are very important as they will define how well the business operates. The cultures were made and operated by all employees; as Well-Fargo is an example of misleading culture cause damage for business. Finally, having effecting management, realistic goal and healthy culture will help corporate to have sustainable growth.

Reference

Brown, A. (1995) Organisational CultureLondon: Pitman Publishing. Journal of Management & Organization, 1(1), 57-57. doi:10.1017/S1833367200006428

Hellriegel, D., Jackson, S.E. and Slocum, J. W., Jr., Management, Eighth Edition, South-Western Publishing (1998), p. 6. Reprinted with the permission of South-Western,
a division of Thomson Learning (www.thomsonrights.com / Fax: 800-730-2215)

McCalman, J. and Potter, D. (2015). Leading Cultural Change: the theory and practice of successful organizational transformation. London: Kogan Page.

Sainato, M., 2019. Wells Fargo employees say little has changed since fake accounts scandal. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jan/04/wells-fargo-fake-accounts-scandal-employees [Accessed April 10, 2019].

Egan , M.,2017. Wells Fargo uncovers up to 1.4 million more fake accounts. CNNMoney. Available at: https://money.cnn.com/2017/08/31/investing/wells-fargo-fake-accounts/index.html [Accessed April 10, 2019].

Loftus, G., 2016. Four Awful Leadership Lessons From Wells Fargo. Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/geoffloftus/2016/10/05/four-awful-leadership-lessons-from-wells-fargo/ [Accessed April 10, 2019].

Howard, R., 2016 Wells Fargo CEO, Local and Federal Officials Testify on Banking Scandal: September 20, 2016. Historic Documents of 2016, pp.471–483.

Mullins, L.J.,2016. Management and organisational behaviour, Harlow, England: Pearson